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To understand Sanger sequencing, one must first understand how to synthesize DNA. As we stated in Section 1.1.1, DNA is built up from building blocks that we called nucleotides, more specifically deoxynucleotide triphosphates or dNTPs. These dNTPs are made up of a sugar (deoxyribose), a nucleobase (A, T, G or C) and 3 phosphate groups. By successively adding these dNTPs at the end of an existing DNA molecule, we extend it, linking one of the phospates of the dNTP to an oxygen atom on the last nucleotide of the DNA molecule. Let us now consider a dideoxynucleotide triphosphate (ddNTP), which is identical to a dNTP except we remove a specific oxygen atom. This ddNTP can be added to the growing molecule of DNA like regular dNTPs, but since it is missing that one oxygen atom no more dNTPs or ddNTPs can be added to the DNA molecule after this one. The elongation is terminated and we call these ddNTPs chain-terminators. This combination of DNA synthesis followed by termination are at the heart of Sanger sequencing.
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The Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board has apologised, admitting Kerry was not fully informed of the risks and side effects or of the alternatives to the mesh surgery.
Военнослужащим США предрекли сложности в Иране08:36